What is Project Nessie?

According to the FTC's complaint, "Project Nessie" was Amazon's internal name for a pricing algorithm designed to maximize profits by testing how high prices could go before consumers would shop elsewhere.

The Allegations

The FTC claims Amazon used Nessie to:

Raise prices across the platform by coordinating increases with third-party sellers
Monitor competitor responses to see if they matched Amazon's higher prices
Maintain elevated prices when competitors followed suit
Lower prices temporarily only when competitors undercut them

The Monopoly Argument

The FTC's theory is that Amazon has such dominant market power that when it raises prices, competitors often follow rather than risk being delisted or buried in Amazon's search results. This creates an anticompetitive feedback loop:

Amazon raises prices
Competitors match to avoid retaliation
Consumers pay more across the entire market
Amazon profits even on transactions it doesn't facilitate

Amazon's Defense

Amazon has called the lawsuit "fundamentally flawed" and argues:

It discontinued Project Nessie years ago
The algorithm actually lowered prices in many cases
Competition in e-commerce remains fierce
The FTC is punishing Amazon for being successful

What's at Stake

This is one of the largest antitrust cases in a generation. If the FTC prevails, it could force Amazon to:

Restructure its marketplace business
Change how it ranks and promotes products
Potentially spin off parts of its operations

The Broader Context

This case is part of a wave of antitrust enforcement against Big Tech, including cases against Google, Apple, and Meta. The outcome could reshape how regulators approach platform monopolies.